[libcxx][modularisation] adds several headers to the module map

* <__algorithm/iter_swap.h>
* <__algorithm/swap_ranges.h>
* <__functional/is_transparent.h>
* <__memory/uses_allocator.h>
* <__ranges/drop_view.h>
* <__ranges/transform_view.h>
* <shared_mutex>
* <span>

Also updates header inclusions that were affected.

**NOTE:** This is a proper subset of D105932. Since the content has
already been LGTM'd, I intend to merge this patch without review,
pending green CI. I decided it would be better to move these changes
into their own commit since the former patch has undergone further
changes and will need yet another light review. In the event any of
that gets rolled back (for whatever reason), the changes in this patch
won't be affected.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D106040