Reduce duplication in MCSymbol Name handling. NFC>

Based on feedback to r239428 by David Blaikie, use const_cast to reduce
duplication of the const and non-const versions of getNameEntryPtr.

Also have that method return the pointer to the name directly instead
of users having to then get the name from the union.

Finally, add a FIXME that we should use a static_assert once available in
the new operator.

llvm-svn: 239429