[GlobalISel]: Allow targets to override how to widen constants during legalization

https://reviews.llvm.org/D70922

This adds a hook to allow targets to define exactly what extension
operation should be performed for widening constants. This handles cases
like widening i1 true which would end up becoming -1 which affects code
quality during combines.
Additionally, in order to stay consistent with how DAG is promoting
constants, we now signextend for byte sized types and zero extend
otherwise (by default). Targets can of course override this if
necessary.