[lldb] Use templates to simplify {Get,Set}PropertyAtIndex (NFC)

Use templates to simplify {Get,Set}PropertyAtIndex. It has always
bothered me how cumbersome those calls are when adding new properties.
After this patch, SetPropertyAtIndex infers the type from its arguments
and GetPropertyAtIndex required a single template argument for the
return value. As an added benefit, this enables us to remove a bunch of
wrappers from UserSettingsController and OptionValueProperties.

Differential revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D149774