[MachineInst] Bump NumOperands back up to 24bits

In https://reviews.llvm.org/D149445, it was lowered from 32 to 16bits, which
broke an internal project of ours. The relevant code being compiled is a fairly
large nested switch that results in a PHI node with 65k+ operands, which can't
easily be turned into a table for perf reasons.

This change unifies `NumOperands`, `Flags`, and `AsmPrinterFlags` into a packed
7-byte struct, which `CapOperands` can follow as the 8th byte, rounding it up
to a nice alignment before the `Info` field.

rdar://111217742&109362033

Differential revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D153791