Support: add llvm::thread class that supports specifying stack size.

This adds a new llvm::thread class with the same interface as std::thread
except there is an extra constructor that allows us to set the new thread's
stack size. On Darwin even the default size is boosted to 8MB to match the main
thread.

It also switches all users of the older C-style `llvm_execute_on_thread` API
family over to `llvm::thread` followed by either a `detach` or `join` call and
removes the old API.