[amdgpu][lds] Remove recalculation of LDS frame from backend

Do the LDS frame calculation once, in the IR pass, instead of repeating the work in the backend.

Prior to this patch:
The IR lowering pass sets up a per-kernel LDS frame and annotates the variables with absolute_symbol
metadata so that the assembler can build lookup tables out of it. There is a fragile association between
kernel functions and named structs which is used to recompute the frame layout in the backend, with
fatal_errors catching inconsistencies in the second calculation.

After this patch:
The IR lowering pass additionally sets a frame size attribute on kernels. The backend uses the same
absolute_symbol metadata that the assembler uses to place objects within that frame size.

Deleted the now dead allocation code from the backend. Left for a later cleanup:
- enabling lowering for anonymous functions
- removing the elide-module-lds attribute (test churn, it's not used by llc any more)
- adjusting the dynamic alignment check to not use symbol names

Reviewed By: arsenm

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D155190