Reland "clang][DebugInfo] Emit global variable definitions for static data...

Reland "clang][DebugInfo] Emit global variable definitions for static data members with constant initializers (#70639)"

When an LLDB user asks for the value of a static data member, LLDB
starts by searching the Names accelerator table for the corresponding
variable definition DIE. For static data members with out-of-class
definitions that works fine, because those get represented as global
variables with a location and making them eligible to be added to the
Names table. However, in-class definitions won’t get indexed because
we usually don't emit global variables for them. So in DWARF we end
up with a single `DW_TAG_member` that usually holds the constant
initializer.  But we don't get a corresponding CU-level
`DW_TAG_variable` like we do for out-of-class definitions.

To make it more convenient for debuggers to get to the value of
inline static data members, this patch makes sure we emit definitions
for static variables with constant initializers the same way we do
for other static variables. This also aligns Clang closer to GCC,
which produces CU-level definitions for inline statics and also
emits these into `.debug_pubnames`.

The implementation keeps track of newly created static data members.
Then in `CGDebugInfo::finalize`, we emit a global `DW_TAG_variable`
with a `DW_AT_const_value` for any of those declarations that didn't
end up with a definition in the `DeclCache`.

The newly emitted `DW_TAG_variable` will look as follows:
```
0x0000007b:   DW_TAG_structure_type
                DW_AT_calling_convention        (DW_CC_pass_by_value)
                DW_AT_name      ("Foo")
                ...

0x0000008d:     DW_TAG_member
                  DW_AT_name    ("i")
                  DW_AT_type    (0x00000062 "const int")
                  DW_AT_external        (true)
                  DW_AT_declaration     (true)
                  DW_AT_const_value     (4)

Newly added
vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv

0x0000009a:   DW_TAG_variable
                DW_AT_specification     (0x0000008d "i")
                DW_AT_const_value       (4)
                DW_AT_linkage_name      ("_ZN2t2IiE1iIfEE")
```

This patch also drops the `DW_AT_const_value` off of the declaration
since we now always have it on the definition. This ensures that the
`DWARFParallelLinker` can type-merge class with static members where
we couldn't attach the constant on the declaration in some CUs.