[flang][driver] Add support for `-fsyntax-only`

The behaviour triggered with this flag is consistent with `-fparse-only`
in `flang` (i.e. the throwaway driver). This new spelling is consistent
with Clang and gfortran, and was proposed and agreed on for the new
driver in [1].

This patch also adds some minimal logic to communicate whether the
semantic checks have failed or not. When semantic checks fail, a
frontend driver error is generated. The return code from the frontend
driver is then determined by checking the driver diagnostics - the
presence of driver errors means that the compilation has failed. This
logic is consistent with `clang -cc1`.

[1] http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/flang-dev/2020-November/000588.html

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D92854