[DebugInfo] Correctly update dbg.values with duplicated location ops

This patch fixes code that incorrectly handled dbg.values with duplicate
location operands, i.e. !DIArgList(i32 %a, i32 %a). The errors in
question were caused by either applying an update to dbg.value multiple
times when the update is only valid once, or by updating the
DIExpression for only the first instance of a value that appears
multiple times.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D105831