[MSSA] Add logic for special handling of atomics/volatiles.

This patch makes MemorySSA recognize atomic/volatile loads, and makes
MSSA treat said loads specially. This allows us to be a bit more
aggressive in some cases.

Administrative note: Revision was LGTM'ed by reames in person.
Additionally, this doesn't include the `invariant.load` recognition in
the differential revision, because I feel it's better to commit that
separately. Will commit soon.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D16875

llvm-svn: 277637