[ThinLTO] Pass down opt level to LTO backend and handle -O0 LTO in new PM

Summary:
The opt level was not being passed down to the ThinLTO backend when
invoked via clang (for distributed ThinLTO).

This exposed an issue where the new PM was asserting if the Thin or
regular LTO backend pipelines were invoked with -O0 (not a new issue,
could be provoked by invoking in-process *LTO backends via linker using
new PM and -O0). Fix this similar to the old PM where -O0 only does the
necessary lowering of type metadata (WPD and LowerTypeTest passes) and
then quits, rather than asserting.

Reviewers: xur

Subscribers: mehdi_amini, inglorion, eraman, hiraditya, steven_wu, dexonsmith, cfe-commits, llvm-commits, pcc

Tags: #clang, #llvm

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D61022

llvm-svn: 359025