[libc++] Remove support for CloudABI, which has been abandoned

Based on https://github.com/NuxiNL/cloudlibc, it appears that the CloudABI
project has been abandoned. This patch removes a bunch of CloudABI specific
logic that had been added to support that platform.

Note that some knobs like LIBCXX_ENABLE_STDIN and LIBCXX_ENABLE_STDOUT
coud be useful in their own right, however those are currently broken.
If we want to re-add such knobs in the future, we can do it like we've
done it for localization & friends so that we can officially support
that configuration.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D108637