[clang-format] Disallow templates to be followed by literal

There should not be any cases where the angle brackets of template
parameters are directly followed by a literal. It is more likely that a
comparison is taking place instead.

This patch makes the TokenAnnotator prefer to annotate < and > as
operators when directly followed by a literal. A similar check already
exists for literals directly *before* potential template args.

Fixes https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/60140

Reviewed By: HazardyKnusperkeks, owenpan, MyDeveloperDay

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D142139