Add GNU attribute 'retain'

For ELF targets, GCC 11 will set SHF_GNU_RETAIN on the section of a
`__attribute__((retain))` function/variable to prevent linker garbage
collection. (See AttrDocs.td for the linker support).

This patch adds `retain` functions/variables to the `llvm.used` list, which has
the desired linker GC semantics. Note: `retain` does not imply `used`,
so an unused function/variable can be dropped by Sema.

Before 'retain' was introduced, previous ELF solutions require inline asm or
linker tricks, e.g.  `asm volatile(".reloc 0, R_X86_64_NONE, target");`
(architecture dependent) or define a non-local symbol in the section and use
`ld -u`. There was no elegant source-level solution.

With D97448, `__attribute__((retain))` will set `SHF_GNU_RETAIN` on ELF targets.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D97447