BasicAA: Recognize cyclic NoAlias phis

Enhances basic alias analysis to recognize phis whose first incoming values are
NoAlias and whose other incoming values are just the phi node itself through
some amount of recursion.

Example: With this change basicaa reports that ptr_phi and ptr_phi2 do not alias
each other.

bb:
 ptr = ptr2 + 1

loop:
  ptr_phi = phi [bb, ptr], [loop, ptr_plus_one]
  ptr2_phi = phi [bb, ptr2], [loop, ptr2_plus_one]
  ...
  ptr_plus_one = gep ptr_phi, 1
  ptr2_plus_one = gep ptr2_phi, 1

This enables the elimination of one load in code like the following:

extern int foo;

int test_noalias(int *ptr, int num, int* coeff) {
  int *ptr2 = ptr;
  int result = (*ptr++) * (*coeff--);
  while (num--) {
    *ptr2++ = *ptr;
    result +=  (*coeff--) * (*ptr++);
  }
  *ptr = foo;
  return result;
}

Part 2/2 of fix for PR13564.

llvm-svn: 163319