[flang] Support the color diagnostics on scanning, parsing, and semantics

The options -f{no-}color-diagnostics have been supported in driver. This
supports the behaviors in scanning, parsing, and semantics, and the
behaviors are exactly the same as the driver.

To illustrate the added behaviour, consider the following input file:
```! file.f90
program m
  integer :: i = k
end
```
In the following invocations, "error: Must be a constant value" _will be_
formatted:
```
$ flang-new file.f90
error: Semantic errors in file.f90
./file.f90:2:18: error: Must be a constant value
    integer :: i = k
```
Note that "error: Semantic errors in file.f90" is also formatted, which
is supported in https://reviews.llvm.org/D126164.

Also note that only "error", "warning" and "portability" are formatted.
Check the following input file:
```! file2.f90
program m
  integer :: i =
end
```
```
$ flang-new test2.f90
error: Could not parse test2.f90
./test2.f90:2:11: error: expected '('
    integer :: i =
            ^
./test2.f90:2:3: in the context: statement function definition
    integer :: i =
    ^
...
```
The "error: Could not parse test2.f90" and "error: expected '('" are
formatted. Others such as "in the context" are not formatted yet, which
may or may not be supported.

Reviewed By: awarzynski

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D126166