[LinkerWrapper] Forward more arguments to the CPU offloading linker (#75757)

Summary:
The CPU target currently inherits all the libraries from the normal link
job to ensure that it has access to the same envrionment that the host
does. However, this previously was not respecting argument libraries
that are passed by name rather than `-l` as well as the whole archive
flags. This patch fixes this to allow the CPU linker to correctly pick
up the libraries associated with things like address sanitizers.

Fixes: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/75651