FileManager: Shrink FileEntryRef to the size of a pointer

Shrink `FileEntryRef` to the size of a pointer, by having it directly
reference the `StringMapEntry` the same way that `DirectoryEntryRef`
does. This makes `FileEntryRef::FileEntryRef` private as a side effect
(`FileManager` is a friend!).

There are two helper types added within `FileEntryRef`:

- `FileEntryRef::MapValue` is the type stored in
  `FileManager::SeenFileEntries`. It's a replacement for
  `SeenFileEntryOrRedirect`, where the second pointer type has been
  changed from `StringRef*` to `MapEntry*` (see next bullet).
- `FileEntryRef::MapEntry` is the instantiation of `StringMapEntry<>`
  where `MapValue` is stored. This is what `FileEntryRef` has a pointer
  to, in order to grab the name in addition to the value.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D89488