[AST] Re-add TypeLocs and NestedNameSpecifierLocs to the ParentMap.

This relands r250831 after some fixes to shrink the ParentMap overall
with one addtional tweak: nodes with pointer identity (e.g. Decl* and
friends) can be store more efficiently so I put them in a separate map.
All other nodes (so far only TypeLoc and NNSLoc) go in a different map
keyed on DynTypedNode. This further uglifies the code but significantly
reduces memory overhead.

Overall this change still make ParentMap significantly larger but it's
nowhere as bad as before. I see about 25 MB over baseline (pre-r251008)
on X86ISelLowering.cpp. If this becomes an issue we could consider
splitting the maps further as DynTypedNode is still larger (32 bytes)
than a single TypeLoc (16 bytes) but I didn't want to introduce even
more complexity now.

Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D14011

llvm-svn: 251101