[mlir][vector] Use transform.apply_patterns in vector tests

All vector transform ops are now `PatternDescriptorOpInterface` ops that merely select the patterns. The patterns are applied by the `apply_patterns` op. This is to ensure that ops are properly tracked. (TrackingListener is used in the implementation of `apply_patterns`.) Furthermore, handles are no longer invalidated when applying patterns in the vector tests.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D152174