[amdgpu] Reimplement LDS lowering

Renames the current lowering scheme to "module" and introduces two new
ones, "kernel" and "table", plus a "hybrid" that chooses between those three
on a per-variable basis.

Unit tests are set up to pass with the default lowering of "module" or "hybrid"
with this patch defaulting to "module", which will be a less dramatic codegen
change relative to the current. This reflects the sparsity of test coverage for
the table lowering method. Hybrid is better than module in every respect and
will be default in a subsequent patch.

Reviewed By: arsenm

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D139433