[InstSimplify] analyze (optionally casted) icmps to eliminate obviously false logic (PR27869)

By moving this transform to InstSimplify from InstCombine, we sidestep the problem/question
raised by PR27869:
https://llvm.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=27869
...where InstCombine turns an icmp+zext into a shift causing us to miss the fold.

Credit to David Majnemer for a draft patch of the changes to InstructionSimplify.cpp.

Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D21512

llvm-svn: 273200