Add support for nested symbol references.

This change allows for adding additional nested references to a SymbolRefAttr to allow for further resolving a symbol if that symbol also defines a SymbolTable. If a referenced symbol also defines a symbol table, a nested reference can be used to refer to a symbol within that table. Nested references are printed after the main reference in the following form:

  symbol-ref-attribute ::= symbol-ref-id (`::` symbol-ref-id)*

Example:

  module @reference {
    func @nested_reference()
  }

  my_reference_op @reference::@nested_reference

Given that SymbolRefAttr is now more general, the existing functionality centered around a single reference is moved to a derived class FlatSymbolRefAttr. Followup commits will add support to lookups, rauw, etc. for scoped references.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 279860501