Restore "Resolution-based LTO API."

This restores commit r278330, with fixes for a few bot failures:
- Fix a late change I had made to the save temps output file that I
  missed due to existing files sitting on my disk
- Fix a bunch of Windows bot failures with "ambiguous call to overloaded
  function" due to confusion between llvm::make_unique vs
  std::make_unique (preface the new make_unique calls with "llvm::")
- Attempt to fix a modules bot failure by adding a missing include
  to LTO/Config.h.

Original change:

Resolution-based LTO API.

Summary:
This introduces a resolution-based LTO API. The main advantage of this API over
existing APIs is that it allows the linker to supply a resolution for each
symbol in each object, rather than the combined object as a whole. This will
become increasingly important for use cases such as ThinLTO which require us
to process symbol resolutions in a more complicated way than just adjusting
linkage.

Patch by Peter Collingbourne.

Reviewers: rafael, tejohnson, mehdi_amini

Subscribers: lhames, tejohnson, mehdi_amini, llvm-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D20268

llvm-svn: 278338