[NewPM] Verify LoopAnalysisResults after a loop pass

All loop passes should preserve all analyses in LoopAnalysisResults. Add
checks for those when the checks are enabled (which is by default with
expensive checks on).

Note that due to PR44815, we don't check LAR's ScalarEvolution.
Apparently calling SE.verify() can change its results.

This is a reland of https://reviews.llvm.org/D98820 which was reverted
due to unacceptably large compile time regressions in normal debug
builds.