[clang-tidy][NFC] Improve compilation time of IntegralLiteralExpressionMatcher

When using agressive inlining -Xclang -mllvm -Xclang -inline-threshold=500,
this file takes 10-18 min to compile. This is caused by in-direct recursion.
Looks like transforming code to use templates and lambdas instead of
std::function and member function pointer reduces this time to 0.5s.

Fixes: #59658