Improve caching scheme in ProvenanceAnalysis.

Summary:
ProvenanceAnalysis::related(A, B) currently memoizes its results, and on big
tests the cache grows too large, and we're spending most of the time
growing/looking through DenseMap.

This patch reduces the size of the cache by normalizing keys first: we do that
by calling GetUnderlyingObjCPtr on the input values. The results of
GetUnderlyingObjCPtr are also memoized in a separate cache.

The patch doesn't bring noticable changes to compile time on CTMark, however
significantly helps one of our internal tests.

Reviewers: gottesmm

Subscribers: hiraditya, llvm-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D44270

llvm-svn: 327328