[DebugInfo][InstrRef] Describe value sizes when spilt to stack

This is a re-apply of D123599, which was reverted in 4fe2ab52, now
with a more appropriate assertion. Original commit message follow:

InstrRefBasedLDV can track and describe variable values that are spilt to
the stack -- however it does not current describe the size of the value on
the stack. This can cause uninitialized bytes to be read from the stack if
a small register is spilt for a larger variable, or theoretically on
big-endian machines if a large value on the stack is used for a small
variable.

Fix this by using DW_OP_deref_size to specify the amount of data to load
from the stack, if there's any possibility for ambiguity. There are a few
scenarios where this can be omitted (such as when using DW_OP_piece and a
non-DW_OP_stack_value location), see deref-spills-with-size.mir for an
explicit table of inputs flavours and output expressions.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D123599