IR: Change the gep_type_iterator API to avoid always exposing the "current" type.

Instead, expose whether the current type is an array or a struct, if an array
what the upper bound is, and if a struct the struct type itself. This is
in preparation for a later change which will make PointerType derive from
Type rather than SequentialType.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D26594

llvm-svn: 288458