[scudo][standalone] Introduce the Quarantine

Summary:
The Quarantine is used to hold chunks for a little while prior to
actually releasing them for potential reuse. The code is pretty much
the same as the sanitizer_common one, with additional shuffling of
the quarantine batches to decrease predictability of allocation
patterns when it is enabled.

Reviewers: vitalybuka, eugenis, hctim, morehouse

Reviewed By: morehouse

Subscribers: mgorny, delcypher, jfb, #sanitizers, llvm-commits

Tags: #llvm, #sanitizers

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D61385

llvm-svn: 360163