[InstCombine] Don't slice up PHIs when pred BB has catchswitch

If an integer PHI has an illegal type (according to the data layout) and
it is only used by `trunc` or `trunc(lshr)` operations, we split the PHI
into various instructions in its predecessors:
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/6d1543a16797fa07eecea7e542df5b42422fc721/llvm/lib/Transforms/InstCombine/InstCombinePHI.cpp#L1536-L1543

So this can produce code like the following:
Before:
```
pred:
  ...

bb:
  %p = phi i8 [ %somevalue, %pred ], ...
  ...
  %tobool = trunc i8 %p to i1
  use %tobool
  ...
```
In this code, `%p` has an illegal integer type, `i8`, and its only used
in a `trunc` instruction later. In this case this pass puts extraction
code in its predecessors:

After:
```
pred:
  ...
  %t = and i8 %somevalue, 1
  %extract = icmp ne i8 %t, 0

bb:
  %p.new = phi i1 [ %extract, %pred ], ...
  use %p.new instead of %tobool
```

But this doesn't work if `pred` is a `catchswitch` BB because it cannot
have any non-PHI instructions. This CL ensures we bail out in that case.

Fixes https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/55803.

Reviewed By: dschuff

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D127699