[clang] Add mustprogress and llvm.loop.mustprogress attribute deduction

Since C++11, the C++ standard has a forward progress guarantee
[intro.progress], so all such functions must have the `mustprogress`
requirement. In addition, from C11 and onwards, loops without a non-zero
constant conditional or no conditional are also required to make
progress (C11 6.8.5p6). This patch implements these attribute deductions
so they can be used by the optimization passes.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D86841