[BasicAA] Bail out earlier for invalid shift amount

Currently, we'd produce an incorrect decomposition, because we
already recursively called GetLinearExpression(), so the Scale=1,
Offset=0 will not necessarily be relative to the shl itself.

Now, this doesn't actually matter for functional correctness,
because such a shift is poison anyway, so its okay to return
an incorrect decomposition. It's still unnecessarily confusing
though, and we can easily avoid this by checking the bitwidth
earlier.