[DebugInfo] Enable variadic debug value salvaging

This patch enables the salvaging of debug values that may be calculated
from more than one SSA value, such as with binary operators that do not
use a constant argument. The actual functionality for this behaviour is
added in a previous commit (c7270567), but with the ability to actually
emit the resulting debug values switched off.

The reason for this is that the prior patch has been reverted several
times due to issues discovered downstream, some time after the actual
landing of the patch. The patch in question is rather large and touches
several widely used header files, and all issues discovered are more
related to the handling of variadic debug values as a whole rather than
the details of the patch itself. Therefore, to minimize the build time
impact and risk of conflicts involved in any potential future
revert/reapply of that patch, this significantly smaller patch (that
touches no header files) will instead be used as the capstone to enable
variadic debug value salvaging.

The review linked to this patch is mostly implemented by the previous
commit, c7270567, but also contains the changes in this patch.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D91722