[Sema] ADL: Associated namespaces for class types and enumeration types (CWG 1691)

CWG 1691 changed the definition of the namespaces associated with a class
type or enumeration type.

For a class type, the associated namespaces are the innermost enclosing
namespaces of the associated classes. For an enumeration type, the associated
namespace is the innermost enclosing namespace of its declaration.

This also fixes CWG 1690 and CWG 1692.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D60573

Reviewed By: rjmccall, rsmith

llvm-svn: 358882