[IndVars] Simplify instructions after replacing header phi with preheader value

After replacing a loop phi with the preheader value, it's usually
possible to simplify some of the using instructions, so do that as
part of replaceLoopPHINodesWithPreheaderValues().

Doing this as part of IndVars is valuable, because it may make GEPs
in the loop have constant offsets and allow the following SROA run
to succeed (as demonstrated in the PhaseOrdering test).

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D129293