IR: Add llvm.exp10 intrinsic

We currently have log, log2, log10, exp and exp2 intrinsics. Add exp10
to fix this asymmetry. AMDGPU already has most of the code for f32
exp10 expansion implemented alongside exp, so the current
implementation is duplicating nearly identical effort between the
compiler and library which is inconvenient.

https://reviews.llvm.org/D157871