[OpenMP][libomp] Hold old __kmp_threads arrays until library shutdown

When many nested teams are formed, __kmp_threads may be reallocated
to accommodate new threads. This reallocation causes a data
race when another existing team's thread simultaneously references
__kmp_threads. This patch keeps the old thread arrays around until library
shutdown so these lingering references can complete without issue and
access to __kmp_threads remains a simple array reference.

Fixes: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/54708
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D125013