[Clang] Introduce `--offload-link` option to perform offload device linking

The new driver uses an augmented linker wrapper to perform the device
linking phase, but to the user looks like a regular linker invocation.
Contrary to the old driver, the new driver contains all the information
necessary to produce a linked device image in the host object itself.
Currently, we infer the usage of the device linker by the user
specifying an offloading toolchain, e.g. (--offload-arch=...) or
(-fopenmp-targets=...), but this shouldn't be strictly necessary.
This patch introduces a new option `--offload-link` to tell
 the driver to use the offloading linker instead. So a compilation flow
 can now look like this,

```
clang foo.cu --offload-new-driver -fgpu-rdc --offload-arch=sm_70 -c
clang foo.o --offload-link -lcudart
```

I was considering if this could be merged into the `-fuse-ld` option,
but because the device linker wraps over the users linker it would
conflict with that. In the future it's possible to merge this into `lld`
completely or `gold` via a plugin and we would use this option to
enable the device linking feature. Let me know what you think for this.

Reviewed By: tra

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D126398