[mlir][Transforms][NFC] CSE: Add C++ entry point

* All IR modifications are done with a rewriter.
* The new C++ entry point takes a `RewriterBase &`, which may have a listener attached to it.

This revision is useful because it allows users to run CSE and track IR modifications via a listener that can be attached to the rewriter.

This is a reupload. The original CL was reverted (9979417d) due to a memory leak. The memory leak is unrelated to this change and fixed with D154185.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D145226