[mlir] Add initial support for an alias analysis framework in MLIR

This revision adds a new `AliasAnalysis` class that represents the main alias analysis interface in MLIR. The purpose of this class is not to hold the aliasing logic itself, but to provide an interface into various different alias analysis implementations. As it evolves this should allow for users to plug in specialized alias analysis implementations for their own needs, and have them immediately usable by other analyses and transformations.

This revision also adds an initial simple generic alias, LocalAliasAnalysis, that provides support for performing stateless local alias queries between values. This class is similar in scope to LLVM's BasicAA.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D92343