[flang][driver] Re-organise the code-gen actions (nfc)

All frontend actions that generate code  (MLIR, LLVM IR/BC,
Assembly/Object Code) are re-factored as essentially one action,
`CodeGenAction`, with minor specialisations. To facilate all this,
`CodeGenAction` is extended to hold `TargetMachine` and backend action
type (MLIR vs LLVM IR vs LLVM BC vs Assembly vs Object Code).

`CodeGenAction` is no longer a pure abstract class and the
corresponding `ExecuteAction` is implemented so that it covers all use
cases. All this allows a much better code re-use.

Key functionality is extracted into some helpful hooks:
  * `SetUpTargetMachine`
  * `GetOutputStream`
  * `EmitObjectCodeHelper`
  * `EmitBCHelper`
I hope that this clarifies the overall structure. I suspect that we may
need to revisit this again as the functionality grows in complexity.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D124665