[flang] Implement checks for defined input/output procedures

Defined input/output procedures are specified in 12.6.4.8.  There are different
versions for read versus write and formatted versus unformatted, but they all
share the same basic set of dummy arguments.

I added several checking functions to check-declarations.cpp along with a test.

In the process of implementing this, I noticed and fixed a typo in
.../lib/Evaluate/characteristics.cpp.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D103045