Introduce attributes that specify the final ABI for a spirv::ModuleOp.

To simplify the lowering into SPIR-V, while still respecting the ABI
requirements of SPIR-V/Vulkan, split the process into two
1) While lowering a function to SPIR-V (when the function is an entry
   point function), allow specifying attributes on arguments and
   function itself that describe the ABI of the function.
2) Add a pass that materializes the ABI described in the function.

Two attributes are needed.
1) Attribute on arguments of the entry point function that describe
   the descriptor_set, binding, storage class, etc, of the
   spv.globalVariable this argument will be replaced by
2) Attribute on function that specifies workgroup size, etc. (for now
   only workgroup size).

Add the pass -spirv-lower-abi-attrs to materialize the ABI described
by the attributes.

This change makes the SPIRVBasicTypeConverter class unnecessary and is
removed, further simplifying the SPIR-V lowering path.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 282387587