[libc++] Add the version header to all headers.

Some headers which require the version header depend on other headers to
provide it. Include the version header in all top-level headers to make
sure a header cleanup can't remove the version header.

Note this doesn't add the version header to the c headers.

Reviewed By: #libc, Quuxplusone, ldionne

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D116172