[WebAssembly] Initial support for shared objects (-shared)

Based on the initial spec proposal:
https://github.com/WebAssembly/tool-conventions/blob/master/DynamicLinking.md

The llvm/codegen side of this is still missing but I believe this change is
still worth landing as an incremental step

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D54249

llvm-svn: 346918