[libc++] Remove _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_LONG_LONG in favour of using_if_exists

_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_LONG_LONG was only defined on FreeBSD. Instead, use the
using_if_exists attribute to skip over declarations that are not available
on the base system. Note that there's an annoying limitation that we can't
conditionally define a function based on whether the base system provides
a function, so for example we still need preprocessor logic to define the
abs() and div() overloads.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D108630