Attributes: Add function getter to parse integer string attributes

The most common case for string attributes parses them as integers. We
don't have a convenient way to do this, and as a result we have
inconsistent missing attribute and invalid attribute handling
scattered around. We also have inconsistent radix usage to
getAsInteger; some places use the default 0 and others use base 10.

Update a few of the uses, but there are quite a lot of these.