[Sema] Make getCurFunction() return null outside function parsing

Summary:
Before this patch, Sema pre-allocated a FunctionScopeInfo and kept it in
the first, always present element of the FunctionScopes stack. This
meant that Sema::getCurFunction would return a pointer to this
pre-allocated object when parsing code outside a function body. This is
pretty much always a bug, so this patch moves the pre-allocated object
into a separate unique_ptr. This should make bugs like PR36536 a lot
more obvious.

As you can see from this patch, there were a number of places that
unconditionally assumed they were always called inside a function.
However, there are also many places that null checked the result of
getCurFunction(), so I think this is a reasonable direction.

Reviewers: rsmith

Subscribers: cfe-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D44039

llvm-svn: 326965